![]() But when it comes to Layer 2 and if Ethernet Network is being used, hosts and routers do not know neighbors NIC’s or interface’s MAC addresses beforehand, hence, ARP protocol broadcast messages get evolved. Hosts and Routers’ Network Layer knows all the important pieces to build an IP packet such destination IP address and source IP address. Whenever a host or a router needs to communicate with other hosts or routers, they encapsulate TCP or UDP segments in an IP packet. IP routing logic requires that network devices encapsulate IP packets inside Data Link Frames based on the cable type used, and if Ethernet language is being used, then ARP Resolution from an IP Address to MAC address is required to complete the encapsulation process of IP packets inside Ethernet frames. To resolve Name to IP address DNS service is used, to resolve IP address to MAC Ethernet Address, ARP service is used.įor Instance, if a shared NFS folder located on one of the servers, and a client requested a document from that folder, to complete the document browsing process, the network must resolve the Shared Folder’s name to an IP Address, and Resolve the server’s IP Address to its MAC address in order to browse the shared folder. Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) used by Data Link Layer to provide two basic functions: 1) Resolve IPv4 or IPv6 addresses to MAC addresses, and 2) Maintain a Cache Table of MAC to IP addresses. Understanding ARP Broadcast Message complete the process of how and why Mapping an IP address to MAC Address is crucial under Ethernet Networks. ![]()
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